MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES - NOTES & IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES - NOTES
Natural Resources - The substances present in nature which can be
used are called Natural Resources, Ex- Sun, wind, soil, air, water, coal,
petroleum.
Pollution - The contamination of air, water, soil with
harmful substances is called pollution.
Ganga Action Plan (GAP)
- The clearing of river
Ganga is taken up by Govt. of India, it is called Ganga Action Plan.
Coliform - It is a bacteria which is found in the intestine
of human beings.Their presence in water causes many of diseases. It is due to
the contamination of water with waste products (feces), remains of dead bodies.
Carbon prints - The international norms to regulate the
emission of carbon dioxide.
Pollutant - The substances which pollute environment are
called pollutants.Some of them like Arsenic, coliform in water even present in
small amounts can be extremely harmful.
pH - It helps to determine whether water is
acidic,basic or neutral. pH of water can be can be tested with the help of
universal indicator.
Reduce - We must reduce the use of non - renewable
resources of energy like coal, petroleum, natural gas which are limited.
Recycle - Plastic, paper, glass, metals must be recycled
so as to protect natural resources.
Reuse - It is better than recycling because it saves
energy. Use things again and again, ex - jam or pickle bottles can be reused.
Sustainable development
- It is the development
which can be maintained over long period of time without causing damage to the
natural environment.
Management of Natural
resources - It is essential because
food, clothes, books, toys, furniture, tools and vehicles are obtained from
natural resources.These resources are limited.
Biodiversity - It refers to the variety within and
between all species of plants, animals, microorganisms and
Ecosystem within which they live and interact.
Hot spots - Those areas which are full of
biodiversity are called Hotspots.ex - forest are hotspots of biodiversity.
Stake holders - those people having interest or concern
for something are called stakeholders.
1.People living in or
around forest: They depend on forest
produce for their living.
2.The forest department
of the Government: which owns the land and
controls the resources from forests.
3.The Industrialist: who use various forest produce as raw
material,but are not dependent on the forest in any area.
4.The wildlife and
nature enthusiasts: who want to conserve
nature.
Wildlife - It means all naturally occurring animals, plants and their
species which are in their natural environment.
Conservation - The protection of natural resources to avoid
excessive use and wastage is called conservation.
Afforestation - planting more trees at home, on
roads, schools and office building is afforestation, which helps in
cleaning environment.
Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award - it is given to the people who helps in
wildlife conservation.
Chipko Movement - women of village in Garhwal
protected Trees by against destruction of forests hugging the trees,
when they were about to cut.
Role of Chipko Andolan :
- It helped in conservation and preservation of forests.
- It taught people that the destruction of forests not only affects the availability of forest products but also quality of soil and sources of water.
- It forced government to rethink the priorities of the local people in the use of forest produce.
- It encouraged the participation of the local people in the efficient management of forests.
Water - water is necessary for all forms of life.
- Rain, river, oceans, lakes, ponds are Natural sources of water.
- Dams, canal, water pumps are used to get water for irrigation.
- River water is purified and supplied to home in urban areas.
- People use well water and hand pump, i.e. underground water in rural areas.
- In Gulf countries, sea water is made fit for drinking by distillation or reverse osmosis (R. O. purifier)
Dams - These are last barriers built across river and stream
to confine and utilise the flow of water for irrigation, domestic
purposes and electricity.
- They are used to save people from floods.
- Tehri damn is the highest dam in Asia, 26 m high on river Ganga.
- Hira Kund dam built across Narmada river is the longest man made Dam( 26 km), in the world.
- Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on Narmada river.
- Bhakhra Nagal Dam is Asia’s Second highest dam, 225.5 m is built on Sutlej river in Punjab.
Rainwater harvesting - it is the process in which
rainwater seeps under the ground so as to recharge the underground water.
Advantages of Rain water
harvesting:
- Rain water harvesting is being done in urban areas in these days.
- Tanks , ponds , tals are some ancient methods for conservation of rainwater.
- There are many advantages of storing the groundwater, e.g.
- It does not evaporate.
- It does not get contaminated by human and animal waste.
- It provides moisture for vegetation and for rain.
- It spread out to recharge Wells and underground water.
Coal and petroleum - These are non-renewable
sources of energy.
- Excessive use of these fossil fuels will lead to energy crisis as they are exhaustible.
- Cost of coal and petroleum is increasing due to more demand.
- Coal and petroleum are formed by decomposition of remains of plants and animals under high pressure and temperature.
- It take millions of years in their formation
Harmful effects of
fossil fuels -
Air pollution - combustion of coal and petroleum generates
carbon dioxide, Sulphur dioxide which causes air pollution and acid rain.
Diseases - Air pollution is the cause of respiratory,
heart problems, irritation in Eyes, headache and depression.
Global warming - Carbon dioxide, methane, water
vapours, nitrous oxide can trap infrared radiations of sun and
causes greenhouse effect which leads to global warming and climate change.
Steps to conserve
fossil fuels -
- Electric vehicles better than vehicles run by fossil fuels.
- Switch off Electric appliances when not in use.
- Switch off the engine at red lights while driving.
- Proper air pressure in tyres, turning of engines are helpful in saving fuel.
- Use LED, CFL instead of normal bulbs and tubelight.
- Use Public transport like Metro, Buses instead of personal vehicle.
- Walk or use bicycle for small distances.
- Use stairs instead of lift on escalators.
- Use solar cooler, solar water heater and solar cells to produce electricity instead of inverter.
Also Read : CBSE Class 10 Our Environment Notes
1 Comments
useful.
ReplyDelete