CBSE CLASS 12 CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT TOPICS

CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT TOPICS AND QUICK TIPS FOR BOARD EXAMS

CBSE Board exams are just around the corner. Students are busy with their  revisions and trying to get the most out of their study hours these days.

But you do not need to panic as we are here with some Most Important Topics from each chapter of Chemistry  and quick tips that will help you to  prepare intelligently for the exams. Even if you have left out certain chapters for last minute preparations or revisions, these tips will help you get through them better.

 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Chapter 1: Solid State

Important Topics:
1. Number of octahedral voids = Number of atoms and Number of tetrahedral voids = Twice the number of atoms
2. For unit cell dimension the important formula is M = dN_aa³/ z
3. Imperfections in solids

4. Explain the terms

(a) Lattice Point

(b) Crystal Lattice

(c) Unit cell

5. Explain the difference in Conductor, Insulator and semi – conductor in terms of Band Theory.
 
Quick Tip :  Read the definitions given in the NCERT book for the terms Pseudo solids or Supercooled liquids, isotropic and anisotropic solids, molecular solids, Bravais lattice.

 

Chapter 2: Solutions

Important Topics:
1. Raoult’s law
2. Dalton’s law of partial pressure
3. Henry’s law

4. Molarity = (Moles of solute/ volume of solution in litres)
5. Molality = Moles of solute/ Mass of solvent in kg
6. Mass % = (Mass of component in solution/ Total mass of the solution) ✕ 100
7. Volume % = (Volume of component in solution/ Total volume of the solution) ✕ 100
8. ppm = (No. of parts of the component/ Total no. of parts of all components of solution) ✕100
9. Mole fraction = No. of moles of component/ Total no. of moles of all components
10. Relative Lowering of vapour pressure
11. Elevation of boiling point
12. Depression of freezing point
13. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
14. Important graphs

Read More : Most Important Derivations in CBSE Class 12 Physics

 

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

Important Topics:
1. Type of cells:
     a) Electrochemical cell / Galvanic cell
     b) Electrolytic cell
2. Electrode potential
3. Standard electrode potential 
4. Cell electromotive force (emf) and Terminal Potential
5. SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode)
6. Nernst equation
7. Relation between cell potential and Gibbs energy:
8. Relation between equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy
9. Resistance(R) and Resistivity

10. Specific conductance/Conductivity
11. Molar Conductivity for Strong Electrolytes
12. Molar Conductivity for Weak Electrolytes
13. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
14. Faraday’s law of electrolysis
15. Types of electrodes
     a) Inert
     b) Active
16. Batteries:
     a) Primary 
     b) Secondary
17. Corrosion 
18. Hydrogen Economy

 

Chapter 4 – Chemical Kinetics

Important Topics:
1. First Order Reaction Kinetics
2. Arrhenius Equation
3. Order and Molecularity

 

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

Important Topics:
1. Distinction between adsorption and absorption

2. Freundlich adsorption isotherm
     a) Adsorption from Solution Phase
3. Colloids
4. Emulsions

 

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolations of Elements

Important Topics:
1. Metallurgy 
 2. Ellingham Diagram
3. Mond process for refining nickel
4. Van Arkel Method for refining zirconium or titanium

 

Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements

Important Topics:
1. Inert pair effect
2. Disproportionation

3. Interhalogen compounds
4. Non-metallic hydrides
5. Colour of halogen compounds
6. Non-metallic halides
7. Catenation
8. Structures of Oxoacids: Phosphorus and Sulphur
9. Structures of Fluoride: Sulphur, xenon, bromine
10. Structures of PCl₅, H₂SO₃, H₂SO₄, H₂S₂O₈, H₂S₂O₇, HOCl, HClO₂, HClO₃₄, N₂<O₅, XeOF₄

 

Chapter 8: The d- and f-block Elements

Important Topics:
1. d-Block elements
2. f-Block elements
3. Actinoid
4. Lanthanoid Contraction


Read more : Important Topics and Exam Pattern of Class 12 Mathematics
 

Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

Important Topics:
1. Coordination Compounds 
2. Coordination Entity 
3. Ligands
4. Coordination Number, Coordination Sphere
5. Coordination Polyhedron
6. Oxidation Number of Central Atom
8. Homoleptic complexes
9. Heteroleptic complexes
10. Werner’s theory
11. Valence bond theory
12. Crystal-field theory

 

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

(Chapter 10 to Chapter 16)

Important Topics:
1. IUPAC Nomenclature questions 
2. Name reactions: Important name reactions which have been asked previously are Sandmeyer reaction, Williamson synthesis, Riemer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro Reaction, Clemmensen Reduction reaction, Hoffmann Bromamide reaction, Coupling reaction.
3. Distinction test: The distinction tests are usually asked between:
4. Aliphatic and aromatic compounds
5. Compounds having two different functional groups
6. Compounds having same functional group but different arrangement of atoms (e.g., 1°, 2°, 3°)
 

 
 Quick Tips:1. Follow NCERT Textbook and Practice NCERT Solved Examples.

                        2. Practice more and more Sample Papers Issued by CBSE.

                      3. Try to solve Previous Years Question Papers with in Time limit.

                      4. Don’t get stressed, eat healty and Stay hydrated.

Read More : Download CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Previous Years Question Papers

 
All the best for your Board Exams!
 

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